Policing, Intelligence, and Counterterrorism in South Asia: Militarization Theory Revisited

Abstract

How has militarization shaped policing and intelligence practices in the fight against terrorism in South Asia? This paper addresses the research question by revisiting Peter Kraska’s theory of militarized policing. It employs the method of structured and focused comparison and relies on qualitative data. Findings suggest that state-controlled civilian police, paramilitary forces, as well as conventional and special operations forces have maintained overlapping responsibilities in countering homegrown and transnational terrorism. Kraska’s theory is extended by exploring how military-controlled intelligence agencies enjoy dual mandates in internal and external security, seek lead counterterrorism roles, and take part in coordination committees for intelligence, counterterrorism, and national security matters. The paper concludes with a need to study the changing nature of terrorist threats and state responses in postcolonial South Asia.